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This attempt was intended to ‘scale down’ the Taus into what is now known to be the Dilruba. The Dilruba was then produced to replace the previously heavy instrument (the Taus). Bose is also known to have played it.įamous Bollywood music director Roshan was also a noted Esraj player.The Dilruba originates from the Taus and some argue is the work of the 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, whilst that of the Taus was the work of Guru Hargobind (the sixth guru of the Sikhs). Ravi Shankar (known then as Rabindra) played the Dilruba in the 1930s, as a member of the dance group of his older brother Uday Shankar. He has played innumerous scores on Dilruba for legends like MSV and Ilayaraja. A great dilruba player, he has been conferred with the Kalaimamani award by the Tamil Nadu Government. In South India, the most famous exponent in the film industry to play Dilruba was Dilruba Shanmugham. The esraj was the favourite instrument of the spiritual Master Sri Chinmoy who used it as a meditation tool and outlet for emotion, not necessarily to create or reproduce traditional music from the region. Today, the best known exponent is Buddhadeb Das, also from Santiniketan. Ranadhir Roy was a student of Ashesh Bandopadhyay, and was on the faculty at the Music department of Visva-Bharati University in Santiniketan. Possibly the most famous exponent of the esraj has been Pandit Ranadhir Roy, who died in 1988. Rahman is known as one of the composers in India who has used the Dilruba, in works like "Dil Se" and "Vande Mataram". However with the rising influence of the " Gurmat Sangeet" movement, these instruments are once again attracting considerable attention. By the 1980s the instrument was nearly extinct. Additionally, the esraj is a more modern invention from the Dilruba that was made and promoted by the Namdharis.īoth the dilruba and the esraj had been declining in popularity for many decades. However, it has also been used as a solo instrument to interpret Hindustani Classical Music, mostly in the Vishnupur tradition. It is the accompanying instrument of choice for Rabindra Sangeet singing.

The esraj is mostly used as an accompanying instrument.